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Indo-European Languages

The Indo-European Family includes most of the languages of Europe and western Asia. The Ursprache is called Proto-Indo-European (PIE) was suggested by Sir William Jones, and has been reconstructed to demonstrate similarities in today's languages.
PIE is thought to have originated in the area north of the Black Sea, near the Ukraine (see globe at right). People travelling from this area took the PIE language with them, and settled in all corners of the globe. Over time, with the large distances between settlements, PIE evolved into the languages we know today as English, German, French, Greek, Hindi, Gaelic, Russian and many others.

The Black Sea Area

Indo-European Language Distribution Map

Legend
Albanian
Armenian
Baltic
Celtic
Germanic
Hellenic
Indic
Iranian
Italic
Slavic
Non-IE
Map © Mark Rosenfelder      

Indo-European Language Family Tree

Legend
Hellenic Language Family Name [Deutsch] Local Language Name
German Language Name   (Germany) Country Where Spoken
German Link to More Information   Prussian Extinct Language Name
  from www.ethnologue.com Manx Extinct Language in Process of Revival
    Shelta Traveller/ Gypsy Dialect

Sub-Family Menu
Albanian Baltic Germanic Indic Italic
Armenian   Celtic   Hellenic   Iranian   Slavic

Indo-European
Albanian [Shqipe]
      Gheg
        Gheg (Yugoslavia)
      Tosk
          Arbëreshë (Italy)
          Arvanitika (Greece)
          Tosk (Albania)
Anatolian
      Hittite
      Lydian
      Palaic
      Lycian
      Luwian
Armenian
      Armenian [Haieren] (Armenia)
      Lomavren [Bosha] (Armenia)
Baltic
      Eastern
        Latvian (Latvia)
        Lithuanian (Lithuania)
      Western
          Curonian
          Selonian
          Semigallian
          Yotvingian
          Prussian (Poland)
Celtic
      Insular
        Brythonic/ British [P-group]
          Breton [Brezhoneg] (France)
          Cornish [Kernowek] (England)
          Cumbric
          Pictish
          Welsh [Cymraeg] (Wales)
        Goidelic/ Gaelic [Q-group]
            Irish Gaelic [Éire Gaelige] (Ireland)
            Scots Gaelic [Albanagh Gháidhlig] (Scotland)
            Manx [Mannin Gailck] (Isle of Man)
            Shelta [Sheldru] (Ireland)
      Continental
          P-group
            Lepontic
            Galatian
          Q-group
              Celtiberian
Germanic
      Western
        English
          Old English
          Middle English
          Modern English (UK, USA, Australia etc.) with influences from French
          Scots (Scotland)
        Frisian
          Eastern Frisian [Ostfriesisch] (Germany)
          Western Frisian [Frysk] (Netherlands)
          North Frisian [Nordfriesisch] (Germany)
        Low Saxon/ Low Franconian
          Low Franconian
            Afrikaans (Africa)
            Dutch [Nederlands] (Netherlands)
            Vlaams (**)
          Low Saxon
              Achterhoeks [Achterhøks]
              Drents (**)
              Gronings (**)
              Low German [Plautdietsch] (Germany)
              Sallands (**)
              Stellingwerfs (**)
              Low Saxon [Niedersächsich] (Germany)
              Twents (**)
              East Veluws (**)
              North Veluws (**)
              Westfalian [Westfälisch] (Germany)
              Westerwolds (**)
        High German
          Frankish [Fränkisch] (**)
          Middle German
            Eastern
              Standard German [Hochdeutsch] (Germany)
              Lower Silesian [Schlesisch] (Germany)
              Upper Saxon [Sächsich] (Germany)
            Moselle Franconian
              Luxembourgish [Lëtztebuergesch] (Luxembourg)
            Western
                Moselle Franconian
                  Franconian [Mainfränkisch] (Germany)
                Pennsylvanian German [Pennsylvanischdeitsch] (USA)
                Rhenisch Franconian
                  Palatinian [Pfälzisch] (Germany)
                Ripuarian Franconian
                    Colognian [Kölsch] (Germany)
          Upper German
              Allemanic
                Colonia Tovar German [Alemán Coloneiro] (Italy)
                Swiss German [Schwyzerdütsch] (Switzerland)
                Swabian [Schwäbisch] (Germany)
                Walser [Walscher] (**)
              Austro-Bavarian
                  Bavarian [Bayrisch] (Germany)
                  Cimbrian [Zimbrisch] (Italy)
                  Hutterian [Tirolerisch] (USA)
                  Mócheno (Italy)
        Yiddish
            Eastern Yiddish (Germany)
            Western Yiddish (Israel)
      Eastern
        Burgundian
        Vandalic
        Lombardic
        Gothic (Ukraine)
      Northern Scandinavian
          Western Scandinavian
            Norwegian [Nyorsk] (Norway)
            Traveller Norwegian [Rodi] (Norway)
            Faeroese [Føroysk] (Greece)
            Icelandic [Íslenska] (Denmark)
            Jamska (Sweden)
            Norn (UK)
          Eastern Scandinavian
              Danish-Swedish
                  Danish-Bokmål
                    Bokmål
                      Norwegian [Bokmål] (Norway)
                    Danish
                        Danish [Dansk] (Denmark)
                        Jutish [Jysk] (Denmark)
                  Swedish
                      Dalecarlian [Dalska] (Sweden)
                      Scanian/ Skåne [Skånsk] (Sweden)
                      Swedish [Svenska] (Sweden)
Hellenic
      Attic
       

Greek (Greece)

       

Classical Greek (Greece)

       

Cappadocian Greek (Greece)

       

Pontic [*PONTIC*] (Greece)

       

Judeo-Greek/ Yevanic [*YEVANITIKA*] (Israel)

      Doric
         

Tsakodian [*TSAKODIAN*] (Greece)

Indo-IranianDue to its large size, the Indo-Iranian Branch may be found on a separate page.
 
                                     
Italic
                                       
Slavic
        Eastern
          Ruthenian/ Carpathian [/ Rusyn] (Ukraine)
          Russian (Russia)
          Belarusian (Belarus)
          Ukrainian (Ukraine)
        Southern
          Eastern
            Bulgarian (Bulgaria)
            Macedonian [**] (Macedonia)
            Old Church Slavonic [**] (Russia)
          Western
              Romano-Serbian (Yugoslavia)
              Slovenian [Slovenski] (Slovenia)
              Serbo-Croatian [Hrvatski] (Yugoslavia)
        Western
            Czech-Slovak
              Czech (Czech Republic)
              Slovak (Slovakia)
              Knaanic [**] (Czech Republic)
            Lechitic
              Kashubian [**] (Poland)
              Polabian [**] (Germany)
              Polish [Polski] (Poland)
            Sorbian
                Lower Sorbian [**] (Germany)
                Upper Sorbian [**] (Germany)

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